解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Why are sinistral snails so rare? Two main hypotheses are that selection acts against the establishment of new coiling morphs, because dextral and sinistral snails have trouble mating, or else a developmental constraint prevents the establishment of sinistrals. We therefore used an isolate of the snail Lymnaea stagnal...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic comparative methods are extremely commonly used in evolutionary biology. In this paper, I highlight some of the problems that are frequently encountered in comparative analyses and review how they can be fixed. In broad terms, the problems boil down to a lack of appreciation of the underlying assumptions ...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01757.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dispersal is one of the most important precopulatory inbreeding avoidance mechanisms and subject to landscape related selection pressures. In small populations, inbreeding within and between populations may strongly affect population dynamics if it reduces fitness and gene-flow. While inbreeding avoidance is generally...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01756.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most sweeping of all patterns in morphological evolution is that animal genitalia tend to diverge more rapidly than do other structures. Abundant indirect evidence supports the cryptic female choice (CFC) explanation of this pattern, which supposes that male genitalia often function to court females during ...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01761.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peacocks are a classic example of sexual selection, where females preferentially mate with males who have longer, more elaborate trains. One of the central hypotheses of sexual selection theory is that large or elaborate male 'ornaments' may signal high genetic quality (good genes). Good genes are thought to be those ...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01746.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of inbreeding on sperm quantity and quality are among the most dramatic examples of inbreeding depression. The extent to which inbreeding depression results in decreased fertilization success of a male's sperm, however, remains largely unknown. This task is made more difficult by the fact that other factor...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01738.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Drosophila melanogaster, mating radically transforms female physiology and behaviour. Post-mating responses include an increase in the oviposition rate, a reduction in female receptivity and an activation of the immune system. The fitness consequences of mating are similarly dramatic--females must mate once in orde...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01708.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theory predicts that lifespan will depend on the dietary intake of an individual, the allocation of resources towards reproduction and the costs imposed by the opposite sex. Although females typically bear the majority of the cost of offspring production, nuptial feeding invertebrates provide an ideal opportunity to e...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01687.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host-associated differentiation (HAD) is considered a step towards ecological speciation and an important mechanism promoting diversification in phytophagous insects. Although the number of documented cases of HAD is increasing, these still represent only a small fraction of species and feeding guilds among phytophago...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01696.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nectar robbing not only affects the reproductive fitness of the plant but it may also potentially affect the pollination dynamics of the associated coflowering individuals. In this study, we established that the nectar robber Xylocopa sinensis robs nectar only from the hermaphrodite ramets of the gynodioecious plant G...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01669.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The costs of bird song incurred in a diversity of ways may result in trade-offs in the production and maintenance of elaborate plumage ornaments. In this paper, we examine evolutionary trade-offs between acoustic and visual signalling in trogon birds (Trogonidae). Using multiple regressions with phylogenetically indep...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01679.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In studies of sexual selection, larger size is often argued to increase male fitness, and relatively smaller males are explained by genetic and/or environmental variation. We demonstrate that a size-development life-history trade-off could underlie the maintenance of a broad, unimodal distribution of size in male redb...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01648.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We use an individual-based simulation model to investigate factors influencing progress toward ecological speciation. We find that environmental differences can quickly lead to the evolution of substantial reproductive barriers between a population colonizing a new environment and the ancestral population in the old e...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01627.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirical studies of sexual selection typically focus on one of the two mechanisms of sexual selection without integrating these into a description of total sexual selection, or study total sexual selection without quantifying the contributions of all of the mechanisms of sexual selection. However, this can provide an...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01633.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central tool for the study of allele frequency change due to selection is the remarkably simple but powerful formula of Price [Nature 227 (1970) 520]. Here, I provide what might be called a structural analysis of this formula. The formula essentially accumulates the average allele frequency change over many instan...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01640.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spermatozoa are the most diverse of all animal cells. Variation in size alone is enormous and yet there are still no clear evolutionary explanations that can account for such diversity. The basic genetics of sperm form is also poorly understood, although sperm size is known to have a strong genetic component. Here, us...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01585.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The North Pacific Ocean has been of great significance to understanding biogeography and speciation in temperate faunas, including for two species of char (Salmonidae: Salvelinus) whose evolutionary relationship has been controversial. We examined the morphology and genetics (microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA) of A...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01603.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Egg quality may mediate maternal allocation strategies according to progeny sex. In vertebrates, carotenoids have important physiological roles during embryonic and post-natal life, but the consequences of variation in yolk carotenoids for offspring phenotype in oviparous species are largely unknown. In yellow-legged ...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01599.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crocodilians show a high degree of cranial variation and convergence throughout their 80 million-year fossil record that complicates their phylogenetic reconstruction. Conflicting phylogenetic results from different data partitions and character homoplasies typify crocodilian phylogeny, and differences between molecul...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01602.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The length of the favourable season determines voltinism in insect populations. In some insects, there is variation in fecundity and timing of reproduction among females. If the length of the favourable season does not allow all offspring to develop into adults without diapause, the benefits of high early fecundity ma...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01597.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have advocated a role for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in sperm competition. This is controversial because earlier theory and empirical work suggested that mitochondrial genetic variation for fitness is low. Yet, such studies dealt only with females and did not consider that variation that is neutral when ...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01581.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Typically males bear the products of sexual selection in the form of ornaments and/or weapons used to compete for and attract females. Secondary sexual traits in females have been thought of as the product of correlated responses to sexual selection on males. However, there is increasing phylogenetic evidence that fem...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01575.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexually selected traits that are costly are predicted to be more condition dependent than nonsexually selected traits. Assuming resource limitation, increased allocation to a sexually selected trait may also come at a cost to other fitness components. To test these predictions, we varied adult food ration to manipula...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01571.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used a crossing experiment to investigate post-zygotic barriers that might limit introgression between a pair of closely-related, gynodioecious plant species--the widespread weed Silene vulgaris and the local Swedish endemic S. uniflora ssp. petraea. The study not only considered the effects of hybridization on con...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01554.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the evolution of multiple mating by females (polyandry) is an important question in behavioural ecology. Most leading explanations for polyandry by social insect queens are based upon a postulated fitness benefit from increased intracolonial genetic diversity, which also arises when colonies are headed b...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01532.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasites are ubiquitous and have well-documented ecological consequences. In contrast, the extent to which parasites drive phenotypic evolution in hosts remains obscure. We use a recently developed statistical technique--selective source analysis--to analyse the strength of phenotypic selection acting on floral trait...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01551.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraspecific cooperation and interspecific mutualism often feature a marked asymmetry in the scope for exploitation. Cooperation may nevertheless persist despite one-sided opportunities for cheating, provided that the partner vulnerable to exploitation has sufficient control over the duration of interaction. The effe...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01505.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The [PSI(+)] prion in yeast has been shown to improve short-term growth in some environments, but its effects on rates of adaptation have not been assessed before now. We adapted three yeast genotypes to three novel environments in the presence and the absence of the prion. There were significant differences in adapta...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01515.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Which conditions favour the evolution of hermaphroditism or separate sexes? One classical hypothesis states that an organism's mode of locomotion (if any) when searching for a mate should influence breeding system evolution. We used published phylogenies to reconstruct evolutionary changes in adult mate-search efficie...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01524.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several hundred species of haplochromine cichlid fish have evolved rapidly in Lake Victoria. Divergent sexual and ecological selection probably played an important role in this radiation, generating divergent mating preferences and preference-trait covariance. However, the segregation of hybrid inviability or infertil...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01495.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptations to pollution among long-lived trees have rarely been documented, possibly because of their long reproductive cycles and the evolutionarily short timescales of anthropogenic pollution. Here, I present the results of a greenhouse experiment that suggest rapid evolutionary adaptation of mountain birch [Betula...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01491.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stingless bees (Meliponini) construct their own species-specific nest entrance. The size of this entrance is under conflicting selective pressures. Smaller entrances are easier to defend; however, a larger entrance accommodates heavier forager traffic. Using a comparative approach with 26 species of stingless bees, we...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01457.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole-comparative genomic hybridization (W-CGH) has been used to exemplify a simple methodology which allows identifying and mapping whole genome differences for highly repetitive DNA sequences between two related species of unknown genomic background. The use of this technique to the species binomy Arcyptera fusca/Ar...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01436.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To resolve a panselectionist paradox, the population geneticist Kimura invented a neutral theory, where each gene is equally likely to enter the next generation whatever its allelic type. To learn what could be explained without invoking Darwinian adaptive divergence, Hubbell devised a similar neutral theory for fores...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01410.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent model studies the evolution of cooperation on a network, and concludes with a result connecting the benefits and costs of interactions and the number of neighbours. Here, an inclusive fitness analysis is conducted of the only case solved analytically, of a cycle, and the identical result is obtained. This bri...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01413.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work [Ecoscience (2000) vol. 7, 395-397] suggests that the burying beetle Nicrophorus pustulatus may have undergone a remarkable host shift, exploiting snake eggs rather than carrion as resources for breeding. We conducted behavioural and physiological experiments to examine the hypothesis of a host shift and t...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01404.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess whether floral integration patterns result from the action of pollinator selection on functionally related traits, we compared corolla integration patterns in eight Schizanthus species differing in pollination systems and in their degree of pollinator dependence across a molecular phylogeny. Integration patt...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01393.x
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates of genetic variation and selection allow for quantitative predictions of evolutionary change, at least in controlled laboratory experiments. Natural populations are, however, different in many ways, and natural selection on heritable traits does not always result in phenotypic change. To test whether we were...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01379.x
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a simulation model we investigated how much of the initial genetic variation that is retained in a population after a dominant mutation has brought apomixis to fixation in it. A marker allele associated with the apomixis mutation is generally retained after the fixation of apomixis, particularly if the two alleles ...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01371.x
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared historic and contemporary genetic variation in two threatened New Zealand birds (saddlebacks and robins) with disparate bottleneck histories. Saddlebacks showed massive loss of genetic variation when extirpated from the mainland, but no significant loss of variation following a severe bottleneck in the 196...
journal_title:Journal of evolutionary biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01362.x
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00